Новые подходы к обеззараживанию воды
(обзор)

Аннотация

При использовании традиционных методов обеззараживания воды хлорсодержащими дезинфектантами или озоном образуются побочные продукты разнообразного токсического действия. В качестве альтернативы разрабатываются способы обеззараживания воды без применения химических окислителей, а также методы, характеризующиеся меньшим образованием побочных продуктов. В этом направлении наиболее интенсивно исследуют фотокаталитический процесс обеззараживания воды при ультрафиолетовом облучении или воздействии видимого света, инактивацию микроорганизмов с использованием наноматериалов в виде диоксида титана, наночастиц серебра, фуллеренов, графена, углеродных нанотрубок, пептидов и хитозана, а также ферратный процесс. Данные технологические схемы имеют преимущества и при деструкции микроцистинов. Рассмотрен механизм инактивации микроорганизмов. Приведены технические проблемы, которые необходимо решить для расширения практического использования альтернативных методов обеззараживания воды.

Ключевые слова

графен , деструкция микроцистинов , диоксид титана , нанотехнологии , наночастицы серебра , обеззараживание воды , пептиды , углеродные нанотрубки , ферратный процесс , фотокаталитический процесс

Дальнейший текст доступен по платной подписке.
Авторизуйтесь: введите свой логин/пароль.
Или оформите подписку

Список цитируемой литературы

Li Q., Mahendra S., Lyon D. Y., et al. Antimicrobal nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: Potential applications and implications. Water Research, 2008, v. 45, pp. 4591–4602.
Robertson P. K. J., Robertson J. M. C., Bahnemann D. F. Removal of microorganisms and their chemical metabolites from water using semiconductor photocatalysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, no. 211–212, pp. 161–171.
Lydakis-Simantiris N., Riga D., Katsivela E., et al. Disinfection of spring water and secondary treated municipal wastewater by TiO2 photocatalysis. Desalination, 2010, no. 250, pp. 351–355.
Polo-Lopez M. I., Garcia-Fernandes I., Oller I. Solar disinfection of fungal spores in water aided by low concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2011, no. 10, pp. 381–388.
Leung T. Y., Chan C. Y., Hu C., et al. Photocatalytic disinfection of marine bacteria using fluorescent light. Water Research, 2008, v. 42, pp. 4827–4837.
Pigeot-Remy S., Simonet F., Errazuris-Cerda E., et al. Photocatalysis and disinfection of water: identification of potential bacterial targets. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, no. 104, pp. 3930–398.
Cho M., Cates E. L., Kim J.-H. Inactivation and surface interactions of MS-2 bacteriophage in a TiO2 photoelectrocatalytic reactor. Water Research, 2011, v. 45, pp. 2104–2110.
Adams L. K., Lyon D. Y., Alvarez P. J. J. Comparative ecotoxicity of nanoscale TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO water suspension. Water Research, 2006, v. 40, pp. 3527–3532.
Reddy M. P., Venugopal A., Subrahmanyam M. Hydroxyapatite-supported Ag-TiO2 as Escherichia coli disinfection photocatalyst. Water Research, 2007, v. 41, pp. 379–386.
Fernandes-Ibanez P., Polo-Lopez M. I., Malato S., et al. Solar photocatalytic disinfection of water using titanium dioxide graphene composites. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, no. 261, pp. 36–44.
Liu I., Lawton L. A., Robertson P. K. J. Mechanistic studies of the photocatalytic oxidation of microcystin-LR: an investigation of by-products of the decomposition process. Environment Science and Technology, 2003, no. 37, pp. 3214–3219.
Lawton L. A., Robertson P. K. J., Robertson R. F., Bruce F. G. The destruction of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin using titanium dioxide photocatalysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, no. 44, pp. 9–13.
Choi H., Stathatos E., Dionysiou D. Photocatalytic TiO2 films and membranes for the development of efficient wastewater treatment and reuse systems. Desalination, 2007, no. 202, pp. 199–206.
Maynard A. D. Nanotechnology – toxicological issues and environmental safety. In: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 1–14. Washington, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, DC, 2007.
De Gusseme B., Hennebel T., Christiaens E., et al. Virus disinfection in water by biogenic silver immobilized in polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Water Research, 2011, v. 45, pp. 1856–1864.
Liu S., Zeng T. H., Hofmann M., et al. Antibacterial activity of graphite, graphite oxide, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide: membrane and oxidative stress. ACS Nano, 2011, v. 5, no. 9, pp. 6971–6980.
Spesia M. B., Milanesio M. E., Durantini E. N. Synthesis, properties and photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli by novel cationic fullerene (C60) derivatives. European Journal of Medical Chemistry, 2007, v. 43, no. 4, pp. 853–861.
Lyon D. Y., Brown D. A., Alvarez P. J. Implication and potential applications of bactericidal fullerene water suspensions: effect of (nC60) concentration, exposure conditions and shelf life. Water Science and Technology, 2008, v. 57, no. 10, pp. 1533–1538.
Wick P., Manser P., Limbach L. K., et al. The degree and kind of agglomeration affect carbon nanotube cytotoxicity. Toxicology Letters, 2007, no. 168, pp. 121–131.
Brady-Estevez A. S., Kang S., Elimelech M. A single-walled carbon nanotube filter for removal of viral and bacterial pathogens. Small, 2007, v. 4, no. 4, pp. 481–484.
Rabea E. I., Badawy M. E., Stevens C. V., et al. Chitosan as antimicrobial agent: applications and mode of action. Biomacromolecules, 2003, v. 4, no. 6, pp. 1457–1465.
Vikesland P. J., Wigginton K. R. Nanomaterial enabled biosensors for pathogen monitoring: A review. Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, v. 44, no. 10, pp. 3656–3669.
Theron J., Cloete T. E., de Kwaadsteniet M. Current molecular and emerging nanobiotechnology approaches for the detection of microbial pathogens. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 2010, v. 36, no. 4, pp. 318–339.
Qu X., Alvarez P. J. J., Li Q. Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment. Water Research, 2013, v. 47, pp. 3931–3946.
Jeong E., Im W.-T., Kim D.-H., et al. Different susceptability of bacterial community to silver nanoparticles in wastewater treatment systems. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, 2014, no. 49, pp. 685–693.
Yang B., Ying G.-G., Zhao J.-L., Liu S., Zhou L.-J., Chen F. Removal of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) during ferrate (VI) treatment of secondary wastewater effluents. Water Research, 2012, v. 46, pp. 2194–2204.
Sharma V. K., Zboril R., McDonald T. J. Formation and toxicity of brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination and chloramination of water: A review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 2014, v. 49, no. 3, pp. 212–228.
Jiang J. O. Wang S., Papangoulopoulos A. The role of potassium ferrate (VI) in the inactivation of Escherichia coli and in the reduction of COD for water remediation. Desalination, 2007, no. 210, pp. 266–273.
Sharma V. K., Kazama F., Jiangyong H., et al. Ferrates as environmentally-friendly oxidants and disinfectants. Journal of Water Health, 2005, no. 3, pp. 45–48.
Jiang W., Chen L., Batchu S. R., et al. Oxidation of microcystin-LR by ferrate (VI): Kinetics, degradation pathways, and toxicity assessments. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, no. 48, pp. 12164–12172.
Alsheyab M., Jiang J. Q., Stanford C. On-line production of ferrate with an electrochemical method and its potential application for wastewater treatment: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009, v. 90, no. 3, pp. 1350–1356.