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UDC 628.113.8:504.064.2

Boronina L. V., Sadchikov P. N.

The appraisal of surface water sources quality

Summary

The results of the statistical appraisal of the parameters indicating the growth of vast majority of pollutants in the total volume of water samples are presented. Herewith the absolute values of the basic growth are positive, which is the evidence of the pollution buildup compared to 2006. The positive values of chain growth indicate unfavorable dynamics of the gradual increase of the given substances in weight; whereas the relevant comparative values (basic and chain increase and growth rates) show their percentage build-up.

Key words

suspended substances , pollutant , odor , treatment facilities , water sample , chromaticity

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UDC 627.8.62-192

KURANOV N. P., ROZANOV N. N., TIMOFEEVA E. A., Voinitch-Syanozhentsky T. G.

Estimating the safety and failure risk of hydraulic engineering structures

Summary

The need for improving the technique of estimating the failure risk of hydraulic engineering structures on the basis of the general concept of risk as the product of failure risk (frequency) by potential damage (social, material, environmental etc.) is substantiated. The results of investigations are presented that provide for the comprehensive estimation of hydraulic engineering structure failure risk levels. The suggested design approach is compared with the traditional method by test examples of estimating the risk of hydraulic engineering structure failure.

Key words

safety of hydraulic engineering structures , negative effect level , failure risk , hazard and vulnerability factor

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UDC 628.162:620.3

Kofman V. Ya.

Nanoparticles of metallic iron for ground water treatment (review of foreign publications)

Summary

The international experience in using the technology of ground water treatment with the help of nanoparticles of metallic iron is presented. The technology of injecting nanoparticles provides for their transfer through intake wells practically to any point at any depth of the ground water basin. Limitations are imposed exclusively by economic factors. The well number and placing are determined by geologic and geochemical characteristics of the polluted area subject to investigation. Prior to the implementation of a project studies shall be carried out to specify the required composition and concentration of iron particle suspension, injection equipment, well placing and depth, working pressure and consumption of the suspended matter, duration of treatment.

Key words

pollutants , injection , nanoparticles of metallic iron , ground water , well

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UDC 628.1/.2.001.2

Pupyrev E. I.

Selecting the technology of water treatment in the present-day economic environment

Summary

A formal approach to the evaluation of water treatment technologies that provides for comparing quality parameters, costs, reliability and availability indices is suggested. It is shown that one and the same technology being preferable at one settlement, however, is unpractical for applying somewhere else. It depends on the local economic environment, water quality, reliability requirements etc. It is possible to select the best technology for any settlement basing on local conditions. For design people the formal approach to the evaluation of the selected technology can be simplified, particularly for the cost–quality or quality–reliability ratios.

Key words

availability , quality , reliability , cost , water treatment technology

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UDC 628.292.65.011.4

IGNATCHIK S. Yu.

Energy conservation and reliability assurance in upgrading sewage pumping stations

Summary

The main principles of reliability and energy conservation calculation method for designing the upgrade of local sewage pumping stations that are transferring wastewater to the treatment facilities are presented. When preparing a feasibility study of the project design the technology and probability indices of reliability for each element of the process part of the pumping station together with probabilistic and individual dimension reliability are determined. The option of upgrading the process part is selected with account of the environmental requirements and investment efficiency of the project.

Key words

pumping station , reliability indices , calculated hydraulic model , wastewater , net discounted expense , operation expenditures , power saving

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UDC 628.336.5.004.18

Rublevskaya O. N., Melnik E. A.

Tackling the problem of energy saving in the Saint-Petersburg wastewater system

Summary

The technologies of primary and secondary sludge treatment at the Saint-Petersburg wastewater treatment facilities are considered. The technologies of thermal hydrolysis and thermophilic and mesophilic digestion were suggested by European companies PWT (Germany), Veolia (OTV, France) and Cambi (Norway). Implementing the project of using the energy potential of wastewater sludge will allow Saint-Petersburg Vodokanal PUE to gain unique experience of systematic approach to the solution of sludge utilization problem.

Key words

biogas , mesophilic process , methane tank , sludge , fermentation , thermal hydrolysis , thermophilic process